A responsible breeder puts the best genetic material into building your puppy when she chooses the sire and dam. She doesn't just breed your pup's mother to the dog down the block because he's handy. She studies pedigrees and temperaments and faults and virtues and chooses the particular sire she believes will produce the best puppies when bred to that particular bitch. It's impossible to put a price tag on these years of experience.

Before breeding, the parents receive various health tests such as a complete thyroid panel and tests for brucellosis and other diseases which can be spread through breeding dogs. There is also screening for various genetic defects common to the breed. These problems are not always evident at birth, but can crop up several years later. Many breeds must be x-rayed for hip dysplasia and/or examined by a certified opthamologist for hereditary eye defects. No one can absolutely guarantee against all genetic defects, but a good breeder selects as carefully as possible to minimize the possibility of your puppy being affected.

The mother receives the absolute best prenatal care available, no expense spared. When the puppies arrive, they are not only maintained in top physical health, but are properly socialized and tested for sound temperaments. They receive recommended vaccinations and are checked and treated for worms and other parasites. Show prospects and pets from the litter receive exactly the same care.

Here are some typical expenses for a hypothetical normal, healthy litter of six in an area of the country with low to moderate veterinary expenses (they can be as much as double this in some areas). This is assuming a breed with a few common genetic problems, no whelping complications, and is calculated using a moderately priced stud dog who is within driving distance.

Not included are the "capital expenditures"--whelping box, crates, bottles, pens, puppy scale, thermometer, puppy feeding dishes, heat lamps, heating pads, etc.

Sometimes complications during breeding or whelping can increase the expense of a litter greatly. Artificial insemination, progesterone testing, fertility consultations, Caesarian sections, illness of the bitch or puppies--any of these can double or triple the expenses, not to mention the possible loss of puppies or mother. It's a gamble.

When you take your puppy home, it's with a health guarantee and-your most valuable resource-instructions to call the breeder with any questions. Having problems housebreaking? Call the breeder. Wonder if a behavior is normal? Call the breeder. Puppy is off his feed? Call the breeder. There is no question so trivial that a good breeder is not interested in helping you find the answer.

Seldom does a good breeder really make a profit on a litter of puppies. Reputable breeders do not breed for the money, but not many of them could afford to breed if they didn't cover at least part of the expenses through pet sales.

Actual income/expense statements for some real litters

The Nancy Litter (Bulldogs)
A Litter of Shelties
Whippets

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